Probabilities and Statistic seminar

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We study the optimal transport problem on the real line with the cost given by the distance, a setting in which solutions (called optimal transport plans) are typically non-unique. The first part of the talk presents a decomposition theorem: every optimal transport plan admits a unique decomposition into components, each acting on a specific region where the mass moves forward, moves backward, or remains stationary. Building on this structure, the second part investigates the behaviour of an entropically regularized version of the problem as the regularization parameter tends to zero. A natural candidate for the limit is constructed from our decomposition together with a Strassen-type theorem for a strengthened stochastic order. When the source and target distributions are sufficiently singular, the entropic minimizers converge to this plan. In general, all limit points satisfy a structural property known as weak multiplicativity.

Single-cell data yield profound insight into the complex nature of molecular feature distributions. However, they also pose statistical analysis challenges. A key challenge is the intricate geometry of these distributions, which requires non-linear analysis methods. We propose a kernel-based framework for comparing conditions in single-cell experiments that allows non-linear comparisons of different cell populations. In this talk, I will explain how embedding the data in an infinite-dimensional reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) facilitates non-linear operations on the data via linear operations in the feature space. I will present a linear model in the RKHS and introduce a truncated kernel Hotelling-Lawley statistic with an associated kernel trick. This statistic has been shown to have an asymptotic chi-squared distribution, which allows to quantify the significance of the test results. The functionality and flexibility of the proposed approach will be demonstrated on scRNA-Seq data obtained in the context of cerebral arteries profiling. The goal of this analysis is to gain insight into the appearance of intracranial aneurysms.

Exposé à Metz. Titre et résumé à venir.

Exposé à Metz. Titre et résumé à venir.