Séminaire de Géométrie complexe

Les variétés de Fano sont des variétés projectives complexes avec premier caractère de Chern positif. Cette condition de positivité a des implications profondes en géométrie et en arithmétique. Par exemple, les variétés de Fano sont recouvertes par des courbes rationnelles , et les familles de variétés de Fano sur des bases unidimensionnelles admettent toujours des sections holomorphes. Ces dernières années, il y a eu un effort important pour définir des analogues supérieurs à la condition de Fano, qui devraient présenter des versions renforcées de propriétés des variétés de Fano. Dans cet exposé, je parlerai donc des « variétés de Fano supérieures » définies en termes de positivité des autres caractères de Chern. Ce travail est en collaboration avec Carolina Araujo, Roya Beheshti, Ana-Maria Castravet, Kelly Jabbusch, Svetlana Makarova et Nivedita Viswanathan.

Extension of Differential Forms, Uniformization, Miyaoka-Yau inequalities and the topological characterization of certain klt varieties (with Daniel Greb and Thomas Peternell)

The first part of this overview talk begins with a non-technical overview of minimal model theory, explaining why any classification theory of complex-projective manifolds always needs to consider singular varieties. The talk describes the relevant singularities in brief, mentions methods that have been developed to study them and will ideally convey an idea what classification results one might hope to expect.

The second part describes some of the theory that has been developed over the last years and mentions some of the more concrete applications.

To an algebraic variety X we associate its group of birational transformations Bir(X). In this talk, we will see the following theorem: If X is an algebraic variety such that Bir(X) is isomorphic to Bir(P^n), where P^n is the n-dimensional projective space, then X is birational to P^n. In other words, the group structure of Bir(X) determines whether X is rational or not. In another direction, I will explain that Borel subgroups of Bir(X), i.e. maximal connected solvable subgroups, are of derived length <= 2 dim(X) with equality if and only if X is rational and the Borel subgroup is standard. This is joint work with Regeta and Van Santen.

In this talk I will present a joint work with C. Casagrande, in which we study smooth complex Fano 4-folds with a rational fibration onto a 3-fold. After an introduction on the setting and motivation, I will discuss our main result: if X is Fano 4-fold with a rational fibration onto a 3-fold and it is not a product of surfaces, then the Picard number of X is at most 9, and the bound is sharp. Moreover, I will present a classification result in a special case within the setting above, and show new examples of Fano 4-folds with large Picard number.

The Shafarevich conjecture asks whether the universal covering of a compact Kähler manifold is holomorphically convex. In this work, we explore a similar question regarding the holomorphic convexity of intermediate coverings. We prove that if the intermediate covering of a compact Kähler surface admits a faithful reductive representation for its covering group and does not have two ends, then it is holomorphically convex. The main techniques employed include the analysis of the degeneracy loci of the Levi form and the properties of subanalytic functions.

A fundamental result in Complex Geometry is the Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence, stating that a holomorphic vector bundle on a Kähler manifold is poly-stable (as defined by Mumford, Takemoto) if and only if it admits a Hermitian metric solving the Hermite-Einstein equation. It has now become clear that there exist many possible different stability notions for vector bundles, that are of great interest in Algebraic Geometry and String Theory. It is natural to wonder if these stabilities are also tied to the existence of Hermitian metrics with special curvature properties. In this talk, based on joint work with Julien Keller (arXiv:2405.03312[math.DG]), we will consider a class of « polynomial » equations for the curvature of rank 2 holomorphic vector bundles on compact projective surfaces, and a corresponding class of polynomial stability conditions for these bundles. We will then explain how each of these stability conditions is related to the existence of a Hermitian metric satisfying the corresponding equation. This refines and partially confirms a conjectural correspondence between Bridgeland stability conditions and PDEs on holomorphic vector bundles, formulated by Dervan, McCarthy, and Sektnan.

We introduce the canonical model singularities (CMS) criterion for bigness of the cotangent bundle for surfaces. The CMS-criterion for bigness involves invariants for canonical singularities that we describe and we give formulas for A_n singularities. The CMS-criterion leads to conjectures and some answers about the geography and the possible ratios $c_1^2/c_2$ of surfaces with big cotangent bundle. Two cases are naturally separated: regular and irregular surfaces. For regular surfaces we apply the CMS-criterion to show the existence of deformations of hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^3$ with big cotangent bundle for degree $d\ge 8$ and give an example of the regular surface with big  cotangent bundle with ratio close to 1/5. For irregular surfaces we show that there are examples with ratio as close to 1/5 as possible. If time permits, we talk about ratios  below 1/5.

Formalisme thermodynamique à basse température, dynamique symbolique et quasi-cristaux

L’étude de modèles simples de physique statistique sur le réseau $\mathbb{Z}^d$, visant à comprendre la transition du désordre vers un ordre périodique ou quasi-périodique quand la température est suffisamment basse, nécessite une interconnexion entre le formalisme des mesures de Gibbs et des états d’équilibre, la dynamique symbolique multidimensionnelle, les pavages et l’informatique théorique. En particulier, des espaces associés aux marginales finies-dimensionnelles des mesures invariantes par décalage apparaissent et possèdent une étonnante richesse. Cet exposé se propose de présenter un panorama introductif de ce domaine de recherche.

The BNS set of a finitely generated group $\Gamma$ is a certain canonical subset of the space of real additive characters on $\Gamma$. It is a subtle invariant of the group that naturally comes up in different questions of geometric and homological group theory. In the case when $\Gamma$ is the fundamental group of a compact Kähler manifold $X$, Thomas Delzant found a beautiful description of its BNS set in terms of holomorphic fibrations of $X$ over hyperbolic orbifold curves. Using it, he showed that if the fundamental group of a compact Kähler manifold is virtually solvable, it is in fact virtually nilpotent. I will explain the main ideas behind Delzant’s proof and how to generalise his theorems to the case when $X$ is a smooth complex quasi-projective variety. Time permitting, I will also discuss some applications and the case of quasi-Kähler manifolds.